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Science, Math, Computers and Technology The 20 Greatest Science and Technology Breakthroughs of 2022. "From seeing the oldest and farthest galaxies ever, to finding microplastics in our bodies, these amazing scientific developments made us say “WOW.”" Unexpected Findings in “Little” Big Bang Experiment Leaves Physicists Baffled. "A temperature not seen since the first microsecond of the birth of the universe has been recreated by scientists, and they discovered that the event did not unfold quite the way they expected." ‘Nasty’ Geometry Breaks Decades-Old Tiling Conjecture. "Mathematicians predicted that if they imposed enough restrictions on how a shape might tile space, they could force a periodic pattern to emerge. But they were wrong." Jordana Cepelewicz (quantamagazine.org) (Image Credit not Found) Mathematical Trio Advances Centuries-Old Number Theory Problem. "The work - the first-ever limit on how many whole numbers can be written as the sum of two cubed fractions - ends “a recurring embarrassment for number theorists." Why This Universe? A New Calculation Suggests Our Cosmos Is Typical. "Two physicists have calculated that the universe has a higher entropy - and is therefore more likely - than alternative possible universes. The calculation is “an answer to a question that is yet to be fully understood." 100 Times Longer Than Previous Benchmarks - A Quantum Breakthrough. "In the world of quantum computing, two milliseconds, or two thousandths of a second, is a very long period of time." By University of New South Wales (scitechdaily.com) (Image Credit not Found) How a quest for mathematical truth and complex models can lead to useless scientific predictions. "A dominant view in science is that there is a mathematical truth structuring the universe." By Arnald Puy (phys.org) Credit: BearFotos/Shutterstock Astrophysicists make observations consistent with the predictions of an alternative theory of gravity. "An international team of astrophysicists has made a puzzling discovery while analyzing certain star clusters." (phys.org) Credit: University of Bonn Jumping Spiders May Have a Cognitive Ability Previously Only Found in Vertebrates. "Teeny tiny jumping spiders, with their wondrous eyes, seem to be able to do something we'd only ever seen before in vertebrates: distinguishing between animate and inanimate objects." By Michelle Starr (sciencealert.com) (emanuelkern/iNaturalist, CC BY 4.0) 17-Year-Old Boy Designs a Magnet-Free Motor That Could Revolutionize EVs. "This year’s Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF), the world’s largest high school STEM competition, awarded him first place (and $75,000) for his work." Inside the Proton, the ‘Most Complicated Thing You Could Possibly Imagine.’ "Researchers recently discovered that the proton sometimes includes a charm quark and charm antiquark, colossal particles that are each heavier than the proton itself." By Charlie Wood (quantamagazine.org) Graphics Editor: Merrill Sherman Mathematicians Discover the Fibonacci Numbers Hiding in Strange Spaces. "Recent explorations of unique geometric worlds reveal perplexing patterns, including the Fibonacci sequence and the golden ratio." Quantum Entanglement Has Now Been Directly Observed at The Macroscopic Scale. "Quantum entanglement is the binding together of two particles or objects, even though they may be far apart – their respective properties are linked in a way that's not possible under the rules of classical physics." New Discovery Indicates an Alternative Gravity Theory. "Disturbances in the dwarf galaxies of one of Earth’s closest galaxy clusters point to a different gravity theory." Researchers Have a New Theory About What Causes Alzheimer's, And It's Not Plaque. "We think that it will be important for future trials to focus on the levels of amyloid-beta 42, and whether it is beneficial to increase and restore its levels to normal values instead of targeting it for removal." By Andrea Sturchio et al (CIPhotos/iStock/Getty Images) Faster Than Light Speed? ‘Star Crash’ Produces Cosmic Blast That Seemed to Defy Physics. "The massive event, measured using NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, reportedly produced a jet of matter propelled through space at a rate exceeding 99.97% of the speed of light." Unraveling a Cosmic Antimatter Mystery. "Physicists invoke the cosmological collider to demonstrate why matter, not antimatter, dominates the universe." By University of California - Riverside Credit: I. Pittalwala/UC Riverside. Teenager Solves Stubborn Riddle About Prime Number Look-Alikes. "In his senior year of high school, Daniel Larsen proved a key theorem about Carmichael numbers — strange entities that mimic the primes. “It would be a paper that any mathematician would be really proud to have written,” said one mathematician." Strange Ripples Have Been Detected at The Edge of The Solar System. "The bubble of space encasing the Solar System might be wrinkled, at least sometimes." By Michelle Starr (sciencealert.com) (NASA) First Experimental Proof That Quantum Entanglement Is Real. "A Q&A with Caltech alumnus John Clauser on his first experimental proof of quantum entanglement." Research team achieves breakthrough in the production of an acclaimed cancer-treating drug. "The compound's availability has been limited because its only currently known natural source is a single plant species that grows solely in a small rainforest region of Northeastern Australia." There's a New Quantum Computing Record: Control of a 6-Qubit Processor in Silicon. Tesla shows off unfinished humanoid robot prototypes at AI Day 2022. "First Optimus prototype walked onto stage, waved. Another one needed support and slumped over." Benj Edwards (arstechnica.com) Tesla Physicists Rewrite a Quantum Rule That Clashes With Our Universe. "The past and the future are tightly linked in conventional quantum mechanics. Perhaps too tightly. A tweak to the theory could let quantum possibilities increase as space expands." Quantum Breakthrough: Researchers Demonstrate Full Control of a Three-Qubit System. "Error correction in a silicon qubit system was demonstrated by the researchers." An Ancient Branch of the Nile Holds Clues About Great Pyramid Construction. "The river’s Khufu branch may have flowed next to the site, helping transport rocks for construction. Sorry, no aliens involved." By Tim Newcomb (popularmechanics.com) (Image credit: Getty Images) Researchers Discover a Material With Brain-Like Learning Capabilities. "Vanadium Dioxide has the ability to “remember” the entire history of past environmental stimuli." Jupiter's unearthly beauty revealed in gorgeous true-color image from Juno flyby. "We're now able to see what Jupiter's atmosphere looks like and it is stunning." By Tereza Pultarova (livescience.com) (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Björn Jónsson) Oxford Physicist Unloads on Quantum Computing Industry, Says It's Basically a Scam. "In essence, the quantum computing industry has yet to demonstrate any practical utility..." Australian Signals Directorate 50-cent coin code cracked by Tasmanian 14 year old in 'just over an hour.' "A 14-year-old boy has cracked four levels of code imprinted on a commemorative 50-cent coin released by the nation's foreign intelligence cybersecurity agency." By Dan Smith (abc.net.au) (Supplied: Royal Australian Mint) “Space Treasure” - Webb Captures Its First-Ever Direct Image of a Distant World. "The exoplanet, called HIP 65426 b, is a gas giant. This means it has no rocky surface and could not be habitable." By Elizabeth Landau (scitechdaily.com) Credit: ASA/ESA/CSA, A Carter (UCSC), the ERS 1386 team, and A. Pagan (STScI) ark Energy Study Yields Surprising Discoveries About Nature’s Most Mysterious Forces. "Few would dispute that gravity remains among the most mysterious forces that humans have observed." By Micah Hanks (thedebrief.org) (Credit: NASA/STSci/Ann Feild). Much of The Great Pacific Garbage Patch's Plastic Comes From These 5 Countries. "Of all 232 plastic objects analyzed by researchers clues about their origins, roughly two-thirds were made in either Japan or China." Your USB cable is about to get a huge speed boost. "USB 4 version 2.0 brings double the speed." By Mike Moore (techradar.com) (Image credit: Wikimedia Commons) 10 Inspiring Quotes From Richard Feynman's Letters. "Richard Feynman was a Nobel Prize winning American physicist whose letters have grabbed the attention of media far and wide." A neighborly polar bear and a startled sloth: The best of the rest from the Wildlife Photographer of the Year 2022. "Take a look at these highly commended images from the competition ahead of the announcement of the winners in October." By James Cutmore (sciencefocus.com) Photo by Dmitry Kokh/Wildlife Photographer of the Year Black Hole Discovery Helps to Explain Quantum Nature of the Cosmos. "New insights from black hole research may elucidate the cosmological event horizon." By Edgar Shaghoulian (scientificamerican.com) Image Credit: Kenn Brown Particle Physics Surprise: Nucleons Pick Pair Partners Differently in Small Nuclei. "When odds are equal, particles paired up with others of the same kind more often than once thought." How Isaac Newton Discovered the Binomial Power Series. "Rethinking questions and chasing patterns led Newton to find the connection between curves and infinite sums." By Steven Strogatz (quantamagazine.org) Maggie Chiang for Quanta Magazine Gravity Has Stayed Constant For The Entire Age of The Universe, Study Finds. "According to a new study by the international Dark Energy Survey (DES) Collaboration, the nature of gravity has remained the same throughout the entire history of the Universe." By Matt Williams (sciencealert.com) (NASA) Synthetic Milk Is Coming, And It Could Radically Shake Up Dairy. "Synthetic milk does not require cows or other animals. It can have the same biochemical make up as animal milk, but is grown using an emerging biotechnology technique know as "precision fermentation" that produces biomass cultured from cells." Yale Study Suggests That Evolution Can Be Predicted. "Evolution might be less random than we thought." Old Problem About Mathematical Curves Falls to Young Couple. "Mathematicians want to know when you can draw a curve through arbitrarily many points in arbitrarily many dimensions." By Jordana Cepelewicz (quantamagazine.org) Image: Nadzeya Makeyeva for Quanta Magazine New research sheds light on when Mars may have had water. "Scientists on NASA's Perseverance mission made a surprising discovery about the composition of rock in Jezero Crater." 'Ridiculously Detailed' New Image of The Moon Is A Masterpiece of Space Photography. "Two astrophotographers have just dropped what they call "the most ridiculously detailed picture" of the Moon – the result of a painstaking, neck-craning effort roughly two years and over 200,000 frames in the making." By Clare Watson (sciencealert.com) Photo: Andrew McCarthy and Connor Matherne Solving the Hard Problem of Consciousness: Physicist Nir Lahav Ph.D. on a Relativistic Theory of Consciousness. "The perennial “riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma,” our brains are the source of all of our higher functions, and even our inherent sense of self." Seven Million Years Ago, the Oldest Known Early Human Was Already Walking. "Analysis of a femur fossil indicates that a key species could already move somewhat like us." ‘Post-Quantum’ Cryptography Scheme Is Cracked on a Laptop. "Two researchers have broken an encryption protocol that many saw as a promising defense against the power of quantum computing." Researchers Untangle “Arrow of Time” Mystery in Groundbreaking New Physics Study. "A new study by a team of physicists could shed new light on the lingering mystery of the arrow of time in a paper which looks at the various ways that cells and particles could be the source for various phenomena that gives rise to the human concept of time." New Discovery about Quantum Computers Could Help Speed Up the Development of the Quantum Internet. "Scientists from Simon Fraser University say they have recently discovered a missing piece to developing the quantum internet: unique properties in silicon qubits never seen before." For its latest images, the Webb telescope looked closer to home. "We hadn't really expected it to be this good, to be honest." By Eric Berger (arstechnica.com) Webb - Judy Schmid How the Inside of a Black Hole Is Secretly on the Outside. "Mysterious “islands” help to explain what happens to information that falls into a black hole." Bits of old spaceships will continue to fall out of the sky, but that’s the least of our problems, warn astronomers. "The danger of getting injured by a falling satellite is incredibly low, but the amount of debris in orbit around the Earth is a growing issue." These Groundbreaking Telescopes Could Finally Prove Aliens Exist. "If we’re ever going to find extraterrestrials, it will likely be through one of these badass instruments." By Eric Adams (popularmechanics.com) (Image Credit not Found) Can You Solve the Altitude and Airfield Riddle? Solution to the Altitude and Airfield Riddle. "An airplane is flying in a straight line toward its landing strip when the pilot realizes their altimeter isn’t working." NASA’s Webb Space Telescope Sheds Light on Galaxy Evolution and Black Holes. "The close proximity of Stephan’s Quintet gives astronomers a ringside seat to galactic mergers and interactions." For the First Time - A Robot Has Learned To Imagine Itself. "A robot created by Columbia Engineers learns to understand itself rather than the environment around it." By Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science (scitechdaily.com) (Image Credit not Found) Solving the rock-hard problem of nuclear waste disposal. "Finland avoided some of the mistakes made elsewhere and opened its waste repository." The frontrunners in the trillion-dollar race for limitless fusion power. "Nuclear, believe it or not, is booming again. And with a serious pile of private and public funding behind them, these companies say they’re even getting closer to fusion." By Alex Pasternack (fastcompany.com) Photo: CLEMENT MAHOUDEAU/AFP via Getty Images How Google Cloud blocked the largest Layer 7 DDoS attack at 46 million rps. "On June 1, a Google Cloud Armor customer was targeted with a series of HTTPS DDoS attacks which peaked at 46 million requests per second." Does Time Exist? How Do We Know? "Our entire lives are regulated by clocks, but what they measure is less certain. How can we be sure that time actually exists? It’s time to talk to an expert, Kazuya Koyama." By CORDIS (scitechdaily.com) (Image Credit not Found) 14th-gen Intel chips could support ray tracing - and truly bring it to the masses. "Integrated GPU with ray tracing support could appear next year." Protons Could Contain a Smaller Particle That Is Heavier Than The Proton Itself. "Protons may have more "charm" than we thought, new research suggests." By Stephanie Pappas (sciencealert.com) (KTSDesign/SciencePhotoLibrary/Getty Images) Library’s prized Galileo manuscript turns out to be a clever forgery. "All signs point to notorious 20th-century forger." By Jennifer Ouellette (arstechnica.com) University of Michigan An algorithm can predict future crimes with 90% accuracy. Here’s why the creator thinks the tech won’t be abused. "It doesn’t tell you who is going to commit the event or the exact dynamics or mechanics of the events. It cannot be used in the same way as in the film Minority Report." Weird quantum experiment shows protons have more 'charm' than we thought. "Protons can hold an elementary particle heavier than themselves." The Best Browser Extensions To Boost Your Productivity. "Get more out of your browser with these helpful add-ons." Massive Megalithic Complex Discovered in Southern Spain. "Containing over 500 standing stones, including two stone circles similar to those of Stonehenge, researchers say the La Torre-La Janera complex could be one of the largest megalithic sites ever discovered in Europe." By Tim McMillan (thedebrief.org) (Image Source: Huelva Información) Physicists surprised to discover the proton contains a charm quark. "The textbook description of a proton says it contains three smaller particles - two up quarks and a down quark - but a new analysis has found strong evidence that it also holds a charm quark." Oracle is taking a close look at TikTok algorithms to check for any snooping. "Oracle kicks off auditing of TikTok algorithms." Hidden Beyond the Edge of a Black Hole, a Curious Ring of Light Has Been Detected in a Supergiant Galaxy. "From within a supergiant elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Virgo, in 2019, the world was given its first glimpse of a massive black hole at the heart of Messier 87, one of the largest galaxies in our local universe." By Micah Hanks (thedebrief.org) (Credit: Event Horizon Telescope) Physics Duo Finds Magic in Two Dimensions. "In exploring a family of two-dimensional crystals, a husband-and-wife team is uncovering a potent variety of new electron behaviors." Scientists Achieved Self-Sustaining Nuclear Fusion… But Now They Can't Replicate It. "Over the past year, the researchers tried to replicate the result in four similar experiments, but only managed to produce half of the energy yield produced in the record-breaking initial experiment." Machine learning, concluded: Did the “no-code” tools beat manual analysis? "In the finale of our experiment, we look at how the low/no-code tools performed." Sean Gallagher (arstechnica.com) (Image credit: Getty Images) Earth’s Magnetic Poles Are Not Likely To Flip. "There has been speculation that Earth’s magnetic polarity is about to reverse as a result of the appearance of a mystery area in the South Atlantic where the geomagnetic field strength is rapidly dropping." Hubble Space Telescope Spies a Scintillating Globular Cluster. "NGC 6540 is a globular cluster, which is a stable, tightly bound multitude of stars." By ESA/Hubble (scitechdaily.com) Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, R. Cohen Stacey Morgan recounts hitting “the wall” during her husband’s spaceflight. "He isn't pale; he is gray. He doesn't look tired; he looks ancient." A Numerical Mystery From the 19th Century Finally Gets Solved. "Two mathematicians have proven Patterson’s conjecture, which was designed to explain a strange pattern in sums involving prime numbers." By Leila Sloman (quantamagazine.org) Kristina Armitage for Quanta Magazine Extraterrestrial Intelligence: What is Our Rating on the Cosmic Dating Scene? "At the banquet of the first Galileo Project conference, Professor Ed Turner from Princeton University made the case that intelligent life may be extremely rare in our Universe." Clinical Trial Restored Sight to 20 People With Corneas Made From An Unlikely Source. "Many of the patients were blind before receiving the help of this bioengineered tissue." By Tessa Koumoundouros (sciencealert.com) (Rafat et al., Nature Biotechnology, 2022) Nuclear Fusion Energy Breakthrough: Ignition Confirmed in Record 1.3 Megajoule Shot. "After decades of inertial confinement fusion research, a yield of more than 1.3 megajoules (MJ) was achieved for the first time on August 8, 2021." By Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (scitechdaily.com) Credit:James Wickboldt/LLN New Research Finds That People With Anorexia Have Smaller Brains. "The largest study to date reveals significant alterations in brain structure in anorexic individuals." Mathematicians Crack a Simple but Stubborn Class of Equations. "Ever since Archimedes, mathematicians have been fascinated by equations that involve a difference between squares. Now two mathematicians have proven how often these equations have solutions, concluding a decades-old quest." Self-Taught AI Shows Similarities to How the Brain Works. "Self-supervised learning allows a neural network to figure out for itself what matters. The process might be what makes our own brains so successful." By Anil Ananthaswamy (quantamagazine.org) Image: Señor Salme for Quanta Magazine The Human Brain May Not Be Shrinking After All. "Humans take a lot of pride in their brains. We like to think we are an intelligent species, and even though size isn't everything." Schrödinger Was Wrong: New Research Overturns 100-Year-Old Understanding of Color Perception. "New research corrects a significant error in the 3D mathematical space developed by the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger and others to describe how your eye distinguishes one color from another." What Is Quantum Field Theory and Why Is It Incomplete? "Quantum field theory may be the most successful scientific theory of all time, but there’s reason to think it’s missing something. Steven Strogatz speaks with theoretical physicist David Tong about this enigmatic theory." Is there such a thing as left brain vs right brain? "Right-brained people are often described as creative and artistic, whereas left-brained people are thought of as analytical and mathematical." Solving the Hawking Paradox: What Happens When Black Holes Die? "Stephen Hawking’s suggestion that black holes “leak” radiation left physicists with a problem they have been attempting to solve for 51 years." By Robert Lea (popularmechanics.com) Science Photo Library - MARK GARLICKGetty Images These Dwarf Galaxies Seem to Be Devoid of Dark Matter, And It Doesn't Make Sense. "In the so-called "Standard Model" of cosmology, shells or halos of dark matter protect galaxies from the gravitational influence of nearby galactic neighbors." Why Ancient Romans Used Asymmetrical Dice With Lopsided Probabilities. "Archeologists regularly unearth asymmetrical dice from the Roman Empire. What’s going on here?" By Tim Newcomb (popularmechanics.com) Patrick AventurierGetty Images How the Physics of Nothing Underlies Everything. "The key to understanding the origin and fate of the universe may be a more complete understanding of the vacuum. " After the Zodiac Killer's '340' Cipher Stumped the FBI, Three Amateurs Made a Breakthrough. "Now, the solution has brought authorities closer than ever to the serial killer's identity." By Kathryn Miles (popularmechanics.com) Locusts Can Smell Cancer, And It Could Give Us a Brilliant New Way to Save Lives. "The insects can actually pick out individual cancer cell lines, suggesting that the type of cancer, as well as the presence of cancer, can be detected." NASA’s Curiosity Mars Rover Still Going 10 Years After Landing - What It’s Learned. "Despite signs of wear, the intrepid spacecraft is about to start an exhilarating new chapter of its mission as it climbs a Martian mountain." By Jet Propulsion Laboratory (scitechdaily.com) Credit: NASA How To Follow the Next Steps of NASA’s Webb Space Telescope. "Now that NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s first images and data have been released, you might be wondering: What comes next?" Stunning New James Webb Image Reveals The Cartwheel Galaxy in Vivid Detail. "The latest official image release from the James Webb Space Telescope is in, and it's a stunning circus of fireworks lighting up the darkness of space." M. Starr (sciencealert.com) (NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI) 5 Women Who Deserved To Win Nobel Prize In Physics. "Many female scientists have made ground-breaking contributions that should have won them a Nobel Prize, but they never became laureates." Harvard-Developed Model Can Determine Your Hidden Hearing Loss. "This explains why some patients who report difficulties understanding a conversation in a busy bar or restaurant may have a ‘normal’ hearing exam. Likewise, it explains why many hearing aid users who receive amplified sounds still struggle with the intelligibility of speech." At Long Last, Mathematical Proof That Black Holes Are Stable. "The solutions to Einstein’s equations that describe a spinning black hole won’t blow up, even when poked or prodded." By Steve Nadis (quantamagazine.org) Mehau Kulyk / Science Source Earendel: The Most Distant Star in the Universe Seen Through the Eye of Webb. "In its latest newsworthy achievement, the James Webb Space Telescope has produced images of Earendel, the most distant known star in the universe." By Micah Hanks (thedebrief.org) (Credit: NASA) This Curvy Quantum Physics Discovery Could Revolutionize Our Understanding of Reality. "A recent discovery in the field of quantum physics by researchers at Purdue University has opened the doorway to a whole new way of looking at our physical reality." With solar arrays now operational, Lucy’s got some shimmering to do. "We've still got to wait three years before the first asteroid flyby." By Eric Berger (arstechnica.com) NASA Rendering Dark Matter Mystery Comes Into Focus With New Mapping of Distant Galaxies. "For the first time, scientists have mapped the dark matter around distant galaxies in a cosmological analysis that studies high redshift galactic formations, according to new research" Dark Matter: Is it time we gave up looking for it? "After decades of searching for dark matter and coming up short, some researchers say we should take the possibility of a new theory of gravity more seriously." By Marcus Chown (sciencefocus.com) (Image credit: Getty Images) Webb space telescope has just imaged another most-distant galaxy, breaking its record after a week. "Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope have spotted what they think may be the farthest galaxy ever seen - a distant red smudge 35 billion light-years away." By Ben Turner (livescience.com) (Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI) Particle Physicists Puzzle Over a New Duality. "A hidden link has been found between two seemingly unrelated particle collision outcomes. It’s the latest example of a mysterious web of mathematical connections between disparate theories of physics." Earth Is Spinning Faster Than Usual, Leading to the Shortest Day Ever Recorded. "This minuscule change in time means we might need to consider a negative leap second." By Tim Newcomb (popularmechanics.com) Matthias Kulka Getty Images Vector graphics explained: How to make logos, advertisements, and UIs that absolutely pop. "Vectors are essential to communicating in the modern world." Scientists Discover the Real Reason Giraffes Had Long Necks. "Fossils demonstrate that head-bashing combat contributed to the development of the long necks of giraffes." y American Association for the Advancement of Science (scitechdaily.com) Credit: Wang Yu and Guo Xiaocong How the Standard Model of Particle Physics Explains Reality as We Know It. "Plus, why physicists are becoming increasingly restless with the classic framework." By Sarah Wells (popularmechanics.com) VICTOR HABBICK VISIONS/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY Getty Images Seeking Mathematical Truth in Counterfeit Coin Puzzles. "Readers balanced logical reasoning and mathematical insights to find phony coins with a double-pan balance scale." Inside the UK’s Silicon Valley for nuclear fusion, where unlimited energy is becoming a reality. "For decades, the technology to develop clean, safe fusion power has remained tantalizingly out of reach. Now, though, a new breed of start-ups could have cracked it at last." By Stuart Clark (sciencefocus.com) Photo: Tokamak Energy Artificial Intelligence Discovers Alternative Physics. "A new Columbia University AI program observed physical phenomena and uncovered relevant variables - a necessary precursor to any physics theory. But the variables it discovered were unexpected." By Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science (scitechdaily.com) Columbia Engineering Roboticists Discover Alternative Physics Data breaches are more expensive, and more annoying, than ever. "Cost of a data breach is up 13% compared to 2020." Feud Between NASA and China Reveals the Difficulties of a Moon Takeover. "Competition between the U.S. and China has been ongoing for decades, although recently, much of the focus of this rivalry between nations has shifted to outer space." By Kenna Hughes-Castleberry (thedebrief.org) (PC Unsplash.com and NASA) A Question About a Rotating Line Helps Reveal What Makes Real Numbers Special. "The Kakeya conjecture predicts how much room you need to point a line in every direction. In one number system after another - with one important exception - mathematicians have been proving it true." Physics Mystery Solved: Findings Could “Revolutionize” Our Understanding of Distance. "A physics puzzle is resolved through a new duality." Russia is quietly ramping up its Internet censorship machine. "Russia has been pushing away from the global Internet at a rapid pace." Google thinks its new programming language can topple C++. "Dubbed the experimental successor to C++, Carbon is available to try today." By Craig Hale (techradar.com) (Image credit: Pixabay) Samsung’s newest SSD is unlike any you’ve come across before. "The second-generation Samsung SmartSSD is here." By Joel Khalili (techradar.com) (Image credit: Samsung) MIT Discovers Semiconductor That Can Perform Far Better Than Silicon. "Researchers from MIT and elsewhere have found a material that can perform much better than silicon. The next step is finding practical and economic ways to manufacture it." Physicists find signatures of highly entangled quantum matter. "Our work takes advantage of the superior computing power of modern supercomputers, and we use them to simulate a very complicated model which is thought to possess topological order." By The University of Hong Kong (phys.org) Credit: The University of Hong Kong How Can Infinitely Many Primes Be Infinitely Far Apart? "Recent results about a curious kind of prime offer a new take on how spread out they can be." Physicists Have Developed a Method for Predicting the Composition of Dark Matter. "A new analysis offers an innovative means to predict ‘cosmological signatures’ for models of dark matter." Computer Science Proof Unveils Unexpected Form of Entanglement. "Three computer scientists have solved the NLTS conjecture, proving that systems of entangled particles can remain difficult to analyze even away from extremes." How one institution keeps claiming math's highest award. "One institute has had a math faculty of 12, and eight of them have won the Fields Medal." A New Antibiotic Can Kill Even Drug-Resistant Bacteria. "Antibiotic-resistant pathogens could be defeated with the assistance of a synthetic antibiotic." Quantum theory of consciousness put in doubt by underground experiment. "A controversial theory put forward by physicist Roger Penrose and anesthesiologist Stuart Hameroff that posits consciousness to be a fundamentally quantum-mechanical phenomenon has been challenged by research looking at the role of gravity in the collapse of quantum wavefunctions." James Webb Space Telescope images: Dying stars, distant galaxies and water on an exoplanet. "State-of-the-art space telescope has released its first full-color images, revealing the Universe in stunning detail." By sciencefocus.com © NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI Mass and Angular Momentum, Left Ambiguous by Einstein, Get Defined. "Surprising as it may sound, 107 years after the introduction of general relativity, the meanings of basic concepts are still being worked out." How Do Mathematicians Know Their Proofs Are Correct? "What makes a proof stronger than a guess? What does evidence look like in the realm of mathematical abstraction? Hear the mathematician Melanie Matchett Wood explain how probability helps to guide number theorists toward certainty." Success! First Results From World’s Most Sensitive Dark Matter Detector. "Berkeley Lab Researchers Record Successful Startup of LUX-ZEPLIN Dark Matter Detector at Sanford Underground Research Facility." James Webb Space Telescope's first image is a historic moment. "See outer space like no one has ever seen it before." By Chris Young & Grant Currin interestingengineering.com NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI Dark matter: Our review suggests it's time to ditch it in favor of a new theory of gravity. "One of the most striking failures of the standard cosmological model relates to "galaxy bars" - rod-shaped bright regions made of stars - that spiral galaxies often have in their central regions." By Indranil Banik (phys.org) Credit: Wikimedia , CC BY-SA Physicists May Have Stumbled Upon an Entirely New Elementary Particle. "The sterile neutrino, if it truly exists, only answers to gravity." Proof that Mendel discovered the laws of inheritance decades ahead of his time. "Mendel's work started to receive significant recognition 34 years after its publication and 16 years after his death." Scientists Have Sequenced the DNA of a 2000-Year-Old Human From Pompeii. "The discoveries show that ancient DNA can be recovered from Pompeiian human bones, providing new insight into this historic community’s genetic history and lifestyles." Falling space debris is real, and it's going to require global action to fix. "A new study shows that falling rocket parts impact some nations the most." By Christopher McFadden interestingengineering.com 3DSculptor/iStock Faster-Than-Light Travel Could Work Within Einstein's Physics, Astrophysicist Shows. "For decades, we've dreamed of visiting other star systems. There's just one problem - they're so far away." Dark Matter May Not Exist: These Physicists Favor of a New Theory of Gravity. "Mond's (Israeli physicist Mordehai Milgrom)  primary postulate is that when gravity becomes very weak, as it does near the edge of galaxies, it starts behaving differently from Newtonian physics." How does SpaceX's Raptor engine work? Elon Musk explains. "Six days ago, SpaceX took to Twitter to showcase photos demonstrating that it has nearly finished installing the 39 upgraded Raptor engines it requires to take its fully reusable Starship rocket to orbit for the first time." Why does ancient Egypt's distinctive art style make everything look flat? "Size, setting and narrative all play a role." By Martin McGuigan (livescience.com) (Image credit: Sebastian Condrea via Getty Images) Major step forward in fabricating an artificial heart, fit for a human. "By recreating the helical structure of heart muscles, researchers improve understanding of how the heart beats." Which Gender Sleeps the Most? New Study Sheds Light on American Sleep Habits. "A study finds when Americans get the best and worst sleep." 1,600-year-old Anglo-Saxon cemetery holds speared man and wealthy woman. "The burials included a sword, 15 spearheads and seven shields." What is heart rate variability? "What is heart rate variability? We combed through the latest studies to find out what this metric reveals about your health." 5 Nikola Tesla Quotes For Making A Better World. "Nikola Tesla advocated strongly for women to pursue scientific endeavors." Webb Space Telescope’s Glorious First Images: Fine Guidance Sensor Provides a Preview. "We are just five days away from the July 12th release of the first full-color images from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope." By Patrick Lynch (scitechdaily.com) Credit: NASA, CSA, and FGS team. The Physicist Who Slayed Gravity’s Ghosts. "Ever since Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity recast gravity as curves in space-time, physicists have wondered if his work was the final word." Huge Study Finds Getting All Your Exercise on The Weekend Is Probably Fine. "Thanks to scientists collecting and analyzing vast amounts of data, we know a lot about exercise and how it's good for your health." Quantum-Gravity Engineers of the Future May Find Local and Extraterrestrial Opportunities. "There is a good reason for optimism regarding our next century. We still do not have a unique, experimentally verified theory that unifies General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, the two pillars of modern physics." Mathematical calculations show that quantum communication across interstellar space should be possible. "Over the past several years, scientists have been investigating the possibility of using quantum communications as a highly secure form of message transmission." 5 Surprising “Non-Scientist” Who Contributed to Science. "In truth, some significant scientific advances have come from historical figures better known for their artistic and literary contributions than their application of the scientific method." Kenna By Hughes-Castleberry (thedebrief.org) (Image Source: Leonardo Da Vinci/ Public Domain) A Solver of the Hardest Easy Problems About Prime Numbers. "On his way to winning a Fields Medal, James Maynard has cut a path through simple-sounding questions about prime numbers that have stumped mathematicians for centuries." For His Sporting Approach to Math, a Fields Medal. "With Hugo Duminil-Copin, thinking rarely happens without moving. His insights into the flow-related properties of complex networks have earned him the Fields Medal." He Dropped Out to Become a Poet. Now He’s Won a Fields Medal. "June Huh wasn’t interested in mathematics until a chance encounter during his sixth year of college. Now his profound insights connecting combinatorics and geometry have led to math's highest honor." In Times of Scarcity, War and Peace, a Ukrainian Finds the Magic in Math. "With her homeland mired in war, the sphere-packing number theorist Maryna Viazovska has become the second woman to win a Fields Medal in the award’s 86-year history. " NASA explains the mission to bring samples of Mars soil, rock and atmosphere back to Earth. "NASA's Mars Sample Return Mission aims to bring 30 samples of rock, soil and atmosphere now being collected by the Perseverance rover back to Earth sometime in the early 2030s." By Frank Kummer (phys.org) Credit: NASA/ESA/JPL-Caltech Physicists Are Startled by This Magnetic Material That 'Freezes' When Heated. "When disordered magnetic materials are cooled to just the right temperature, something interesting happens." Funnel web spider venom may be used to prevent damage caused by heart attacks. "Human clinical trials are set to begin on the drug within a year." AI Algorithm Predicts Future Crimes One Week in Advance With 90% Accuracy. "A new computer model uses publicly available data to predict crime accurately in eight cities in the U.S., while revealing increased police response in wealthy neighborhoods at the expense of less advantaged areas." The Sordid Past of the Cubic Formula. "n the 16th century, algebraic equations were still expressed rhetorically - in words, not symbols - and all coefficients had to be nonnegative, since mathematicians did not recognize negative numbers as legitimate." By David S. Richeson (quantamagazine.org) Kristina Armitage for Quanta Magazine Nerve Regeneration and Repair: Intermittent Fasting May Help Heal Nerve Damage. "Intermittent fasting alters the gut bacteria activity of mice and increases their ability to recover from nerve damage." Fixing Shoulder Pain: Harvard Scientists Develop a Method To Restore Damaged Tendons and Muscles. "The new complex tissue platform can restore damaged rotator cuffs." YouTuber builds a bike with two half wheels, and it functions just as well as the original. "The experiment may be too complex to try at home but it sure is fun to watch." By Loukia Papadopoulos (interestingengineering.com) (Image Credit not Found) Four Unsolved Mysteries About The Higgs Boson. "On July 4, 2012 the Higgs Boson particle was discovered at the Large Hadron Collider that is operated by CERN, the European organization for nuclear research." NASA scientists say images from the Webb telescope nearly brought them to tears. "NASA's deputy administrator, Pam Melroy, said she was blown away by the images Webb has produced so far. "What I have seen moved me, as a scientist, as an engineer, and as a human being," she said." By Eric Berger (arstechnica.com) NASA Objective Reality May Not Exist at All, Quantum Physicists Say. "Reality might be “in the eye of the observer,” according to new research." A company aims to power the world for millions of years by digging the deepest holes ever. "An MIT spinout aims to use X-rays to melt rock and repurpose coal and gas plants into deep geothermal wells - effectively transforming dirty fossil-fuel plants into clean ones." 'Cradle of Humankind' Fossils May Be a Million Years Older Than Previously Thought. "Multiple ancient hominin remains from caves in South Africa may be much, much older than previous estimates suggested." By Michelle Starr (sciencealert.com) (Jason Heaton/Ronald Clarke/Ditsong Museum of Natural History) For the First Time, Scientists Observed a Fundamental Aspect of Particle Physics. "Operators of the ALICE detector have observed the first direct evidence of the “dead cone effect,” allowing them to assess the mass of the elusive charm quark." Research Suggests There's a Big Overlooked Benefit of Having Dyslexia. "Long framed purely as a learning disorder, the neurological condition that makes the decoding of text so difficult could also benefit individuals and their community in a world full of unknowns." By Mike McRae (sciencealert.com) (Christina Kilgour/Moment/Getty Images This Weird Star Survived a Supernova Only to Shine Even More Brightly Than Before. "When it comes to going out with style, nothing comes close to the end of a white dwarf." By Mike McRae (sciencealert.com) (NASA/CXC/M.Weiss) Flu Vaccination Linked to 40% Lower Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease. "Over the course of four years, those who received at least one influenza vaccine were 40% less likely than their non-vaccinated peers to acquire Alzheimer’s disease, according to a new study from the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston." LCD vs. LED vs. Mini LED vs. OLED: A quick guide. "A brief breakdown of the display tech behind TVs, monitors, and laptops." Mars probe running Windows 98 receives software update after two decades. "Windows 98 lives on in space." As China Shuts Out the World, Internet Access From Abroad Gets Harder Too... China wants to censor all online comments and hold posters responsible for reactions. "The Great Firewall censorship machine is getting tighter." Survival of the Optimist: Designing Our Indefinite Future in Space. "Instead of opting not to have kids because of the calamities awaiting Earth, we better plan on having numerous kids, both biological and technological, who will design our indefinite future in space." By Avi Loeb (thedebrief.org) (Image Credit not Found) Voyager Spacecraft Will Soon Power Down for Their Final Mission Into the Beyond. "Currently more than 14,495,335 miles from Earth as they proceed on their journey into the infinite, NASA’s Voyager probes have seen more than most spacecraft ever do in their lifetime." This Famous Effect of Space Travel Seen in “Star Wars” Can Now Be Tested in the Lab. "Background: What is the Unruh Effect?" Kenna By Hughes-Castleberry (thedebrief.org) (Wikimedia Commons) A Huge Step Forward in Quantum Computing Was Just Announced: The First-Ever Quantum Circuit. "Australian scientists have created the world's first-ever quantum computer circuit - one that contains all the essential components found on a classical computer chip but at the quantum scale." Researchers investigate intricacies in superconductors with hopes to support quantum computer development. "Ryan Day studies superconductors. Materials that conduct electricity perfectly, losing no energy to heat and resistance." The Spooky Quantum Phenomenon You’ve Never Heard Of. "Quantum computers may derive their power from the “magical” way that properties of particles change depending on the context." By Katie McCormick (quantamagazine.org) Photo: Kristina Armitage Quanta Magazine Surfaces So Different Even a Fourth Dimension Can’t Make Them the Same. "For decades mathematicians have searched for a specific pair of surfaces that can’t be transformed into each other in four-dimensional space. Now they’ve found them." Why Einstein is a “peerless genius” and Hawking is an “ordinary genius.” "You've heard of Stephen Hawking. Ever heard of Renata Kallosh? Didn't think so." By Albert-László Barabási (bigthink.com) Alamy Stock Photo, Vincent Romero / Big Think Physicists Say They've Built an Atom Laser That Can Run 'Forever.' "A new breakthrough has allowed physicists to create a beam of atoms that behaves the same way as a laser, and that can theoretically stay on "forever." Deep Underground Experiment Results Confirm Anomaly: Possible New Fundamental Physics. "Sterile neutrino, physics fundamentals among interpretations of anomalous results." A 'Very Exciting' Anomaly Detected in Major Experiment Could Be Huge News For Physics. "A strange gap between theoretical predictions and experimental results in a major neutrino research project could be a sign of the elusive 'sterile' neutrino - a particle so quiet, it can only be detected by the silence it leaves in its wake." Researchers may know the origin of the Black Death that killed 200 million people. "The Black Death plague wiped out more than 30 percent of Europe’s population and led to hundreds of millions of deaths globally in the mid-14th century." By Rupendra Brahambhatt (interestingengineering.com) ChamilleWhite/iStock  Ten years after the Higgs, physicists face the nightmare of finding nothing else. "Unless Europe’s Large Hadron Collider coughs up a surprise, the field of particle physics may wheeze to its end." An Elephant Is Not a Legal Person, New York Court Rules in High-Profile Case. "Happy is "a nonhuman animal who is not a 'person' subjected to illegal detention," the court's ruling said." China says it may have received signals from aliens. "Scientists have yet to rule out human radio interference as the signals' source." By Ben Turner (livescience.com) (Image credit: NAO/FAST) Quantum electrodynamics tested 100 times more accurately than ever. "Using a newly developed technique, scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (MPIK) in Heidelberg have measured the very small difference in the magnetic properties of two isotopes of highly charged neon in an ion trap with previously inaccessible accuracy." A hidden 'Leonardo da Vinci' is revealed in Alfred Krupa's breathtaking inventions. "Behold an unsung visionary of modern engineering." Physicists link two time crystals in seemingly impossible experiment. "New time crystal achievement could help bridge classical and quantum physics." How NASCAR’s Biggest “Cheater” Nearly Revolutionized Internal Combustion. "A crew chief and engineer with some liberal interpretations of the rules, Smokey Yunick also cooked up the ultimately ill-fated hot-vapor engine." New Analysis Finds No Signs of Life on Venus After Controversial Claims. "A new and thorough analysis of the chemistry of clouds on Venus has revealed none of the biomarkers indicative of airborne, sulfur-metabolizing life." By Michelle Starr (sciencealert.com) (PLANET-C Project Team) The Computer Scientist Who Parlays Failures Into Breakthroughs. "Daniel Spielman solves important problems by thinking hard - about other questions." Flutter for web develops: A hype beast or a silver bullet for website development. "The journey of creating a one-size-fits-all framework for websites." The Artificial Intelligence Arms Race: Where Are We Now? "By far the greatest danger of Artificial Intelligence is that people conclude too early that they understand it." “Technological Selection” in the Race to Interstellar Space. "From our vantage point, early attempts to reach interstellar destinations are of lesser significance than future efforts which would compensate for the time delay." The Earth's core is funkier than we thought. "The motion of the inner Earth is in a constant state of flow." By Russell Deeks (sciencefocus.com) (Image credit: Getty Images) NASA’s Solar Electric Propulsion System for Gateway Moon Orbiter Throttles Up. "One of the chief goals of NASA’s Artemis program is to establish the first long-term presence on the Moon." Physicists Discover Elusive New Particle Through Tabletop Experiment. "Materials that contain the axial Higgs mode could serve as quantum sensors to evaluate other quantum systems and help answer persistent questions in particle physics." By Boston College (scitechdaily.com) Credit: Nature Researchers Achieve ‘Absurdly Fast’ Algorithm for Network Flow. "Computer scientists can now solve a decades-old problem in practically the time it takes to write it down." Saudi Arabia plans to spend $1 billion a year on anti-aging research. "According to the MIT Technology Review, the Saudi royal family has created a non-profit called the Hevolution Foundation that will invest in research focused on the biology behind aging and looking for ways to expand the so-called "health span", or the number of good, healthy years in a person's life." Colombia shares unprecedented images of treasure-laden wreck. "Cannons partially covered by mud are visible alongside porcelain crockery, pottery, glass bottles and also gold pieces." By Hervé Bar (phys.org) Did an AI Really Invent Its Own 'Secret Language'? Here's What We Know. "The AI probably does not have a "secret language". It might be more accurate to say it has its own vocabulary - but even then we can't know for sure." Graduate Student’s Side Project Proves Prime Number Conjecture. "Jared Duker Lichtman, 26, has proved a longstanding conjecture relating prime numbers to a broad class of “primitive” sets. To his adviser, it came as a “complete shock." Artificial General Intelligence Is Not as Imminent as You Might Think. "A close look reveals that the newest systems, including DeepMind's much-hyped Gato, are still stymied by the same old problems." How the Multiverse could break the scientific method. "There is nothing more important to science than its ability to prove ideas wrong." A novel quantum computer Borealis achieves computational advantage. "Canadian firm Xanadu Quantum Technologies has achieved an impressive breakthrough with a new device that can outperform any supercomputer in the world at one particular task." By Loukia Papadopoulos (interestingengineering.com) Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc Everything we know so far about the flying saucer phenomena. "In May 2022, two senior U.S. defense intelligence officials appeared before a House of Representatives intelligence subcommittee hearing on UFOs. It was the first public U.S. congressional hearing on the subject in fifty years." Japan's trial of a deep ocean turbine could offer limitless renewable energy. "Japan is both power-hungry and fossil-fuel reliant making for a bad combination but that could all soon change." By Loukia Papadopoulos (interestingengineering.com) IHI Corp Coffee Alters Brain Connectivity to Make You Smarter. "Coffee improves the functional connectivity within the human brain, making it operate at a higher level of efficiency, new research says." What is quantum mechanics trying to tell us? "The weirdness begs for an interpretation." By Adam Frank (bigthink.com) Credit: Lucid Pixel / Adobe Stock A new duality solves a physics mystery. "A team of researchers at Purdue University have discovered a new method to create curved spaces that also solves a mystery in physics." Ancient Humans Used This One Cave in Spain For a Mind-Blowing 50,000 Years. "If archaeology has shown us anything, it's the sobering impermanence of our lives." By Michelle Starr (sciencealert.com) (Ramos-Muñoz et al.) Interstellar Travel Could Be Possible Even Without Spaceships, Scientist Says. "Can humanity survive the Sun's red giant phase? Extraterrestrial Civilizations (ETCs) may have already faced this existential threat." Previous... We need your support. Your $1.00 monthly contribution is important and will help keep us online. Also, clicking on the advertisements would be an additional way of helping.

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