Home  |   Science   |   eBikes



Cycling News Updated Daily Since 2007

Support The DougReport: Ride a Bike
Doug Report Cycling Daily


Column One
February 24, 2024
Doug Report Cycling Daily






UAE Tour stage 6: Tim Merlier makes it three with sprint win in Abu Dhabi

--Image--

"Belgian ticks off a hattrick with show of speed, as De Kleijn takes second again."
By Matilda Price (globalcyclingnetwork.com) © Tim de Waele/Velo Collection via Getty Images
-C1-





No Mark Cavendish but Gleb Syritsa steps up for Astana at UAE Tour

--Image--

"Mark Renshaw and Michael Mørkøv discuss stage 6 sprint, as Syritsa races to top-five finish following Cavendish's withdrawal."
By George Poole (globalcyclingnetwork.com) Photo: GCN
-C1-






Mark Cavendish leaves UAE Tour with illness

--Image--

"British rider did not start the sixth stage after feeling ‘small fever."
By Matilda Price (globalcyclingnetwork.com) © Maximiliano Blanco / Velo Collection via Getty Images
-C1-





UAE Tour 2024 stage 7 - Jay Vine and Ben O'Connor fight for overall win at Jebel Hafeet

--Image--

"The UAE Tour will be decided on the slopes of Jebel Hafeet, as expected. The toughest climb of the race is the main feature of stage 7 and is where the race ends."
By Rúben Silva (cyclinguptodate.com) (Image Credit not Found)
-C1-





UAE Tour top tech: New time trial equipment in the WorldTour peloton

--Image--

"GCN's Alex Paton scours the WorldTour peloton at the UAE Tour to see what interesting new time trial tech he can discover."
By Tom Hallam-Gravells (globalcyclingnetwork.com) Photo: GCN
-C1-





Tobias Foss: 'I was never the world's best time trialist, I was just the best that day'

--Image--

"Ineos Grenadiers' specialist discusses the pressure brought on by World Championships success, admits errors as he takes aim at UAE Tour."
By George Poole (globalcyclingnetwork.com)© Tim de Waele/Velo Collection via Getty Images
-C1-





‘The future looks bright this year’ - Arvid de Kleijn on his UAE Tour near misses and the next step for Tudor Pro Cycling

--Image--

"After three second places finishes, the Dutch rider explains that his team are satisfied with their results in the Middle East."
By Rachel Jary (rouleur.cc) (Image Credit not Found)
-C1-











2024 UAE Tour Live

--Image--

"2024 UAE Tour February 19-25, United Arab Emirates. Stage 6 (Louvre Abu Dhabi Museum
Abu Dhabi Breakwater, 138km))

Live video Saturday from 1:30pm local (10:30am CET) (4:30am U.S. Eastern), 1:30am Pacific.

The race will be shown on Max and FloBikes starting at 2:30am Pacific."

(cyclingfans.com) Powered by La FlammeRouge
-C1-



Column Two
February 24, 2024
Doug Report Cycling Daily





Omloop Het Nieuwsblad: Jan Tratnik takes first big Classics victory

--Image--

"Slovenian beats Nils Politt in two-up sprint after late opportunistic attack."
By Patrick Fletcher (globalcyclingnetwork.com) Luc Claessen / Velo Collection via Getty Images
-C2-







Vos is boss of a thrilling Omloop Het Nieuwsblad

--Image--

"Visma Lease a Bike in charge on first day of the Belgian season."
By Rob Sturney (cyclingmagazine.ca) (Image Credit not Found)
-C2-





Too soon to peak: What does Omloop Het Nieuwsblad really tell us about the upcoming Spring Classics?

--Image--

"Despite a perhaps less explosive start to the Classics season by their starman Wout van Aert, the formidable Visma Lease a Bike still found a way to win on Opening Weekend."
By Stephen Puddicombe (rouleur.cc) (Image credit: Getty Images)
-C2-





Torrid day of crashes for Julian Alaphilippe at Omloop Het Nieuwsblad

--Image--

"Frenchman’s Classics campaign starts with a DNF in Belgium after unlucky day."
By Matilda Price (globalcyclingnetwork.com) © Luc Claessen / Velo Collection via Getty Images
-C2-






Juan Ayuso wins four-up sprint to secure victory at Faun-Ardèche Classic

--Image--

"Romain Grégoire settles for second, Mattias Skjelmose third and Felix Gall fourth."
By Kieran Wood (cyclinguptodate.com) (Image credit: Getty Images via cyclingnews.com)
-C2-





Saturday Roundup: Double Success for Visma in Omloop

--Image--

"Vingegaard adds third win in Spain; Ayuso and Merlier confirm their form."
By Chris Fontecchio (podiumcafe.com) (Image credit: Getty Images via cyclingnews.com)
-C2-













2024 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad Live

--Image--

"2024 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad February 24, Belgium (Ghent → Ninove, 202.2km).

Men's race live video Saturday from 1:30pm CET (7:30am U.S. Eastern), 4:30am Pacific.

Women's race live video Saturday from 4:00pm CET (10:00am U.S. Eastern), 7:00am Pacific.

The races will be shown on FloBikes starting at 5:00am Pacific."

(cyclingfans.com) Powered by La FlammeRouge
-C2-








--Image--

"Saturday, February 24 (La Faun Environnement - Classic de l'Ardèche Rhône Crussol, aka La Classic Sud-Ardeche-Souvenir Francis Delpech) and Sunday, February 25 (the La Royal Bernard Drome Classic).

Faun-Ardeche Classic 2024 (Guilherand-Granges Guilherand-Granges, 168.5km),

Saturday, February 23rd, video starts at 13:30pm Central Europe, 8:30am U.S. Eastern, 5:30am Pacific.

The race will be shown on Max and FloBikes starting at 5:00am Pacific."

(cycling.today) (Credits not Found)
-C2-



Column Three
January 24, 2024
Doug Report Cycling Daily






O Gran Camiño: Jonas Vingegaard delivers another exhibition to win stage 3

--Image--

"Dane claims second straight solo victory in Galicia to extend overall lead."
By Kieran Wood (cyclinguptodate.com) (Image credit: Getty Images via cyclingnews.com)
-C3-





Peter Sagan set to leave hospital after heart operation

--Image--

"Everything is under control and in just a few days I'll be back' says rider."
By Daniel Benson (globalcyclingnetwork.com) © Sara Cavallini/Getty Images Sport via Getty Images
-C3-





Tweets of the week: Mark Cavendish has a run-in with police dogs

--Image--

"The Brit was sniffed out at the UAE Tour, and reacted as all of us would."
By Tom Davidson (cyclingweekly.com) (Image credit: Getty Images)
-C3-





Zwift Academy: Maddie Le Roux and Louis Kitzki bag contracts with Canyon SRAM and Alpecin Deceuninck development teams

--Image--

"South African climber and 20-year-old German rouleur emerge from a talent pool of more than 100,000 riders."
By Patrick Fletcher (globalcyclingnetwork.com) © Harry Powell for Zwift
-C3-





'One transplant, two cancer surgeries - I get knocked down but I get up again - The champion rider with next-level resilience

--Image--

"Facing repeated risks to her life from kidney failure, Ottilie Quince is determined to keep bouncing back - on and off her bike."
By Chris Marshall-Bell (cyclingweekly.com) (Image credit: OQ Services and Richard Hall Photography)
-C3-





Why are cyclists obsessed with FTP numbers, and is it actually useful?

--Image--

"When it comes to training, we think you should avoid fixating on FTP to uncover bigger benefits."
By Alex Hunt (globalcyclingnetwork.com) Photo: GCN
-C3-





Undercover mechanic: ‘I was Just Riding Along’ are not the words your bike shop wants to hear

--Image--

"In my early days, working in a local bike store, we used to clock a good 'JRA' at least once a week."
By Undercover Mechanic (cyclingweekly.com) (Image credit: Getty Images)
-3-





Is this the most prostate-friendly saddle? Plus Silca's degreaser-killing chain wax, Garmin launches Forerunner 165, new Cadex wheels + loads more tech news

--Image--

"Saddles are a personal thing, but how does this look for you? If you're happy with your current seat though, maybe Silca's StripChip that removes the need to degrease your chain will appeal."
By Suvi Loponen (road.cc) (Image Credit not Found)
-C3-











--Image--

"2024 O Gran Camino February 22-25, Spain. Stage 3 (
Xinzo de Limia Castelo de Ribadavia, 173.2km).

Live Video Saturday from 3:30pm CET (9:30am U.S. Eastern), 6:30am Pacific.

The race will be shown on Max and FloBikes starting at 6:30am Pacific."

(cyclingfans.com) Powered by La FlammeRouge
-C3-






Column One
February 23, 2024
Doug Report Cycling Daily






UAE Tour stage 5: Olav Kooij edges out Tim Merlier in photo finish

--Image--

"Dutchman stops Merlier's dominance in tight sprint in Fujairah."
By Patrick Fletcher (globalcyclingnetwork.com) © Tim de Waele/Velo Collection via Getty Images
-C1-





'Perfect' lead-out for Mark Cavendish leaves Astana satisfied at UAE Tour

--Image--

"Mark Renshaw delivers his immediate assessment, as pre-race telling-off works wonders but Cavendish sprints too early to benefit."
By George Poole (globalcyclingnetwork.com)© Tim de Waele/Velo Collection via Getty Images
-C1-





‘They call him the Leopard’ - Olav Kooij, Visma Lease a Bike’s unassuming 22-year-old sprinter beating the world’s best

--Image--

"The young Dutchman achieved one of the biggest wins of his career at the UAE Tour, and his sports director says this is only just the beginning."
By Rachel Jary (rouleur.cc) Photos: RCS/Sprint Cycling Agency
-C1-





Yates under "neurological monitoring" after concussion from UAE crash

--Image--

"His upper body and head took a significant impact, though he was able to get back to his feet and got back on his bike"
(stickybottle.com) (Image credit: Getty Images) via cyclingnews.com
-C1-





Opening Weekend Preview... Back to the Cobbles!

--Image--

"Culture check... it’s nice to see lots of evidence around the sport of cycling that this remains “opening weekend,” despite plenty of evidence to the contrary that, well, people are racing their bikes already."
By Chris Fontecchio (podiumcafe.com) (SWPix.com)
-C1-





Does Cycling Really Need Fixing? ASO Weighs in on One Cycling, Collapse at Andalucia, Crisis at SafeSport, How Long Can Cycling Depend on Free Infrastructure Usage?

--Image--

"In this week’s AIRmail newsletter, The Outer Line takes an in-depth look at the new debate: Does cycling really need fixing?"
(pezcyclingnews.com) (Credits not Found)
-C1-





Planning an eBike touring trip? Apidura has done a special eBike charger bag

--Image--

"The Expedition e-Bike Charger Pack is a lightweight bag for your e-bike charger."
By Rebecca Bland (ebiketips.road.cc) Photo by Apidura
-C1-











2024 UAE Tour Live

--Image--

"2024 UAE Tour February 19-25, United Arab Emirates. Stage 5 (Al Aqah
Umm Al Quwain, 182km)

Live video Friday from 12:30pm local (9:30am CET) (3:30am U.S. Eastern), 12:30am Pacific.

The race will be shown on Max and FloBikes starting at 2:30am Pacific."

(cyclingfans.com) Powered by La FlammeRouge
-C1-



Column Two
February 23, 2024
Doug Report Cycling Daily



Peter Sagan undergoes heart procedure

--Image--

"Three-time world champion requires ablation for cardiac arrhythmia after heart rate exceeded 200 bpm in mountain bike race."
By Patrick Fletcher (globalcyclingnetwork.com) Michael Steele/Velo Collection via Getty Images
-C2-





Omloop Het Nieuwsblad Preview

--Image--

"Time for some Belgo-sadism. You’ve seen the early season races in sunshine, admired the coastlines and the climbs, the bright sunlight and the early blossom."
(inrng.com) (Credits not Found)
-C2-





Omloop Het Nieuwsblad men 2024: Who will win?

--Image--

"Rouleur looks at the top contenders for the first cobbled Classics of the season"
Words: India Paine (rouleur.cc) (Image Credit not Found)
-C2-





Tom Pidcock says he’s ‘strong and fit’ and ready to go ahead of Opening Weekend

--Image--

"Pidcock set to lead the line for Ineos Grenadiers in Omloop Het Nieuwsblad on Saturday."
By Tom Thewlis (cyclingweekly.com) (Image credit: Getty Images)
-C2-





Matteo Trentin determined keep Classics door open after Fabian Cancellara's presence leads to invites

--Image--

"Tudor Pro Cycling set to make Opening Weekend debut."
By Daniel Benson (globalcyclingnetwork.com) (Tim de Waele/Getty Images)
-C2-





‘Cavendish always steps up at the big ones’ - Mark Renshaw and Michael Mørkøv on keeping the faith in their sprinter

--Image--

"Both Cavendish’s sports director and teammate insist that early season races don't offer a reliable judgement of how the Manxman will perform at bigger goals like the Tour de France."
By Rachel Jary (rouleur.cc) (Image credit: Getty Images)
-C2-





Muc-Off 17 in 1 Multi Tool

--Image--

"Solid, compact and well priced, with a sensible range of functions."
By Dave Atkinson (road.cc) (Image Credit not Found)
-C2-






Column Three
January 23, 2024
Doug Report Cycling Daily






Jonas Vingegaard storms to solo victory on stage 2 and takes race lead at O Gran Camiño

--Image--

"Egan Bernal takes second place ahead of Jefferson Cepeda."
By Rúben Silva (cyclinguptodate.com) (Image credit: Dario Belingheri/Getty Images via cyclingnews.com)
-C3-





Opinion: Enough is enough, Patrick Lefevere’s comments must be stopped

--Image--

"Soudal Quick Step team boss has one of the most powerful voices in cycling, but repeatedly fails to use it wisely."
By Rachel Jary (rouleur.cc) Photos: Zac Williams/SWpix
-C3-





Can anyone beat Wout van Aert and Lotte Kopecky at Omloop Het Nieuwsblad?

--Image--

"With Visma Lease A Bike and SD Worx fielding fearsome line-ups, does anyone else stand a chance?"
By James Shrubsall (cyclingweekly.com) (Image credit: Getty Images / AFP / Kristof Van Accom)
-C3-





Confessions of a cycling hoarder

--Image--

"GCN's Jon Cannings rummages through his cycling workshop and wonders why the space he has always seems to get filled with random bike bits - and why he can't bring himself to get rid of any of it."
Jon Cannings (globalcyclingnetwork.com) © Jon Cannings
-C3-





Should you strength train before or after your ride?

--Image--

"A double workout is great, if done in the right order with enough time in between."
By Matt Hansen (cyclingmagazine.ca) (Image Credit not Found)
-C3-





Emma Finucane Q&A: ‘The goalposts just keep moving’

--Image--

"We talk to the Individual Sprint World Champion about making history, what next for track cycling’s hottest property, and the future for women’s sprinting."
By Flo Clifford (cyclist.co.uk) Zac Williams / SWpix
-C3-








5 hidden health insurance benefits every cyclist should know

--Image--

"From gym memberships or a bike fit, learn how to make the most of your health insurance as a cyclist."
By Charles Miller (cyclingweekly.com) (Image credit: Getty Images)
-C3-











--Image--

"2024 O Gran Camino February 22-25, Spain. Stage 2 (Taboada
Chantada, 151.2km).

Live Video Friday from 3:30pm CET (9:30am U.S. Eastern), 6:30am Pacific.

The race will be shown on Max and FloBikes starting at 6:30am Pacific."

(cyclingfans.com) Powered by La FlammeRouge
-C3-







Column One
February 22, 2024
Doug Report Cycling Daily








UAE Tour stage 4: Tim Merlier doubles up with sprint victory in Dubai

--Image--

"Belgian once again the fastest in the bunch after a tense finale, with De Kleijn second and Kooij third."
By Matilda Price (globalcyclingnetwork.com) Photo: Tim de Waele/Velo Collection via Getty Images
-C1-





Gee and Boivin set to race Belgian season opener Omloop Het Nieuwsblad

--Image--

"Can anyone stop Visma Lease a Bike and SD Worx Protime?"
Israel Premier Tech
-C1-





How to measure a bike frame

--Image--

"The Cyclist guide to measuring a bike frame and finding the right size bike."
By Joseph Delves (cyclist.co.uk) (Image Credit not Found)
-C1-





Scarab Apuna gravel bike

--Image--

"The Scarab Apuna is a custom steel bike that stands apart from the crowd."
By Josh Ross (road.cc) (Image Credit not Found)
-C1-





Five bike products that don’t exist, but should

--Image--

"From stems in 5mm increments to dried sealant remover and spoiler-free race coverage, can someone please get on these ideas?"
By Tyler Boucher (cyclingweekly.com) (Image credit: Jack Elton-Walters)
-C1-





6 cheap and easy home remedies for recovery

--Image--

"You don't need anything fancy or expensive to recover well after your next hard ride."
By Matt Hansen (cyclingmagazine.ca) (Image credit: Getty Images)
-C1-











2024 UAE Tour Live

--Image--

"2024 UAE Tour February 19-25, United Arab Emirates. Stage 4 (Dubai Police Officer's Club
Dubai Harbour, 175km)

Live video Thursday from 12:30pm local (9:30am CET) (3:30am U.S. Eastern), 12:30am Pacific.

The race will be shown on Max and FloBikes starting at 2:30am Pacific."

(cyclingfans.com) Powered by La FlammeRouge
-C1-



Column Two
February 22, 2024
Doug Report Cycling Daily






Patrick Lefevere looks to diffuse ‘tense atmosphere’ as he rows back on Julian Alaphilippe criticism

--Image--

"I realize that perhaps I should have phrased it differently’ Soudal Quick Step boss says."
By Daniel Benson (globalcyclingnetwork.com) © Dario Belingheri / Velo Collection via Getty Images
-C2-





Sepp Kuss in red was only the start: 8 American cycling pros to watch in 2024

--Image--

"Was “GC Kuss” just the start of reviving the American Dream in cycling?"
By Kristin Jenny (cyclingweekly.com) (Image credit: Getty Images & EF Pro Cycling)
-C2-





Wildcards: 10 riders flying under the radar at Opening Weekend

--Image--

"GCN picks riders from the women's and men's peloton ahead of the first cobbled races of the season."
By Daniel Benson (globalcyclingnetwork.com) © Luc Claessen / Velo Collection via Getty Images
-C2-





Can anyone bring SD Worx’s dominance to a halt at Omloop Het Nieuwsblad?

--Image--

"The Women’s WorldTour lands in Europe this weekend for the first of the cobbled Classics, but will it be the same story for SD Worx, or will we see a new narrative emerge on the roads of Belgium?"
Words: India Paine (rouleur.cc) (Image Credit not Found)
-C2-






Wout van Aert: Opening Weekend team is massively strong if everyone is on their normal level

--Image--

"Belgian spearheads an incredible Visma Lease a Bike line-up that includes Laporte, Van Baarle and Tratnik."
By Daniel Benson (globalcyclingnetwork.com) Photo: Dario Belingheri / Velo Collection via Getty Images
-C2-





SD Worx Protime CEO: “It Will Be Difficult for Demi Vollering to Stay Next Year”

--Image--

"Lotte has become a world-class rider and is appropriately rewarded. However, our budget is limited, and sponsor budgets are not increasing as rapidly as salaries."
By Mathew Mitchell (procyclinguk.com) © Tim de Waele/Velo Collection via Getty Images via globalcyclingnetwork.com
-C2-






Coming this March: inaugural Zwift Games featuring month-long competition, prizes and cold, hard cash

--Image--

"The Zwift Games is set to become the largest virtual racing event ever held."
By Kristin Jenny (cyclingweekly.com) (Image credit: Zwift)
-C2-





Nostalgic Season Start on the Ligurian Coast

--Image--

"The Trofeo Laigueglia (say Lay-ee-Gway-lia) sits quietly a few weeks ahead of Milan San Remo on the Italian race calendar, but is an important season opener for Italian & French riders to test out early season legs in the hills along the Ligurian Coast."
By Alain Rumpf (pezcyclingnews.com) (Image Credit not Found)
-C2-





Gravel racing: Tips to make your first event a successful one

--Image--

"Alex Paton went out to Australia for the inaugural pro gravel race RADL GRVL. Did he survive and how should you prepare yourself for racing on the gravel?"
By Logan Jones-Wilkins (globalcyclingnetwork.com) Photo: GCN
-C2-






First Ride: Scott Voltage - The Electric Genius

--Image--

"I've been riding the Voltage eRide 900 tuned both in Spain (pictured) and on my home trails in Scotland. Let's dig into the details and how it rides."
By Seb Stott (pinkbike.com) Photos: Daniel Geiger
-C2-






Column Three
February 22, 2024
Doug Report Cycling Daily






Josh Tarling wins neutralized O Gran Camiño opening time trial

--Image--

"Defending champion Vingegaard takes no risks in wind-swept stage that did not count toward GC."
By Rúben Silva (cyclinguptodate.com) (Image credit: SWPix via cyclingnews.com)
-C3-





Stormy weather disrupts opening time trial at O Gran Camiño

--Image--

"Riders will race on road bikes with no GC times taken due to poor weather conditions."
By Daniel Benson (globalcyclingnetwork.com) Photo: Velo Collection (TDW) / Getty Images
-C3-





Hedging bets, taking risks and increasing the speed: Why modern day bunch sprints are harder to win than ever

--Image--

"The likes of Tim Merlier, Mark Renshaw and Sam Bennett discuss how faster finishes and an increased level have changed the art of the bunch sprint for good."
By Rachel Jary (rouleur.cc) (Image Credit not Found)
-C3-





A Year Without Paris: How to Experience the 2024 Tour de France Up Close

--Image--

"This year’s Tour de France will finish along the French Riviera in Nice due to the Olympic Games taking place in Paris at the same time."
(pezcyclingnews.com) (Credits not Found)
-C3-





Chain lube vs chain wax: Pros, cons and which should you choose?

--Image--

"While lubes are quicker to apply, wax treatments promise longer-lasting protection."
By Paul Norman (cyclist.co.uk) Muc-Off
-C3-





The Lab: Terra Ergolace GTX PEdALED x Fizik - Walk like a bikepacker?

--Image--

"A pair of shoes for all adventure occasions? The Terra Ergolace GTX PEdALED x Fizik shoes are designed with bikepacking and outdoor adventures in mind."
By Martin Staffa (granfondo-cycling.com) Photo: Martin Staffa
-C3-





Will the new Ekar GT groupset save Campagnolo? GCN Tech Show

--Image--

"Campagnolo has released a new gravel groupset, Silca may have revolutionized chain waxing, plus there has been an influx of new shoes."
By Tom Hallam-Gravells (globalcyclingnetwork.com) (Image Credit not Found)
-C3-





How to spot an illegal eBike

--Image--

"Whether you're buying online or in-person, here's how to work out if an e-bike is legal or not."
By James Howell-Jones (globalcyclingnetwork.com) Photo: GCN
-C3-











--Image--

"2024 O Gran Camino February 22-25, Spain. Stage 1 ITT (A Coruña → A Coruña, 14.8km).

Live Video Thursday from 3:30pm CET (9:30am U.S. Eastern), 6:30am Pacific.

The race will be shown on Max and FloBikes starting at 6:30am Pacific."

(cyclingfans.com) Powered by La FlammeRouge
-C3-










We need your support.

As little as a $1.00 monthly contribution is important and will help keep us online, give more if you are able!

Also, clicking on the advertisements would be an additional way of helping.




The Doug Report wins an award!

---

"Best International Bicycle News Platform 2023 - USA, Fitness and Nutrition Awards 2023!"






Bahati Foundation

(bahatifoundation.org)"

"Support our work providing under-represented youth access to sport and play, regardless of race, gender, zip code, or socioeconomic status."
(bahatifoundation.org)






Davis Phinney Foundation

Press

"The Davis Phinney Foundation is dedicated to helping people with Parkinson's live well today through our free programming, content, and quality of life research. Your generosity will help us inspire and educate people affected by Parkinson's, the fastest-growing neurological disease in the world."
(coloradogives.org) Davis Phinney Foundation






The Steve Tilford Foundation was created to honor the life and legacy of cyclist Steve Tilford.

---

"Our Mission is to help young people of all backgrounds find and chase their passion through the sport of cycling by promoting education, mentorship, and access to quality cycling opportunities."







Thumbnail: Bicycling Art.
"BicyclingArt.com is the site for vintage cycling posters and prints. They are the number one source for vintage cycling posters and fine art prints.

A large selection of contemporary artwork and vintage print items are available and their selection is growing daily."
(bicyclingart.com)









only search DougReport




Have suggestions or something you would like posted? News tips? Events?  Send it to
info@drcn.us
(Note: Unsolicited proposals, spam, SEO offers, etc, will be ignored)





Cycling News since December 2007
Support The DougReport: Ride a Bike
Doug Report Cycling Daily





































 vspace=